Breast augmentation is a type of plastic surgery aimed at enlarging the breasts and correcting their shape.The operation is performed using special implants, which are almost in no way inferior to natural mammary glands.
Things?
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery procedure that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique is applied to women who have sagging breasts, changes in shape and volume, for example due to childbirth or breastfeeding.
Breast augmentation is one of the surgical methods for breast enlargement and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is performed in the hospital.
In this case, implants of different shape, content and volume are used which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The location of the incisions may also vary.To avoid the development of complications after surgery, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of care.
To make the mammary glands look more natural after surgery, the specialist will give advice on choosing the size of the implants.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several varieties.
By content
They are classified into different types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel of varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of these systems is that if damaged they do not leak.
Salt
Filling: saline solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be slightly lower.Additionally, they have a shorter shelf life, and when worn under the skin, bumps and bumps can form.
The installation of the selected implants is a key phase of breast augmentation.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be will depend on their correct location and tissue contact.
With competent actions on the part of the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioplant.It is fully compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties, and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone implants.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop-shaped implants.The former are used for small changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who wish to achieve a natural breast shape.
By type of surface and profile
The surface of the prosthesis can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low systems.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, build, structure of the sternum, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, resulting in replacement of the empty space.
Periareolar
The breast tissue is dissected at the location of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after surgery disappears almost completely over time.
Submammary
An incision is made along the crease line under the breast.In terms of scar discretion, this method is considered the most convenient, since the suture is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the torso.
Axillary
It involves incisions in the area located near the armpits.The method is approximate and more complex;the scars will be located in a visible place.Furthermore, in this case it is difficult to correctly position the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Position of the prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, where several localization tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator it is necessary to take into account the following values:
- pointaccess;
- volumesurgery;
- anatomicalcharacteristicsand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalconditionclients;
- presence of relativerestrictionsto the operation.
Plastic surgery involves three categories of complexity.
First
1st degree complexity breast augmentation involves periareolar access and endoprosthesis.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Vertical scar prosthetics are performed;assumes a medium level of intervention and injury.
Third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which the systems are installed.
Directions
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallsizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- yieldingbreast or areola prolapse, which may occur in the context of rapid weight loss;
- changeshapesfollowing breastfeeding or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- performed incorrectlyplasticbefore this;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor still remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands using gel or silicone implants has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- illnessesinternal organs with severe disease;
- ageup to 18 years;
- childhood perioddiet;
- cancer;
- mentalanomalies and epileptic seizures;
- violationcoagulabilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous nodesinside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- illnessesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicosedilation of the veins
It is also not recommended to perform surgery for diabetes mellitus in the compensation phase.The operation will have to be postponed during menstruation or in case of unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Breast augmentation includes preparation.
An important point is to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.Also, the doctor will tell you about the actions during surgery, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify any limitations to the surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and the tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
Next, the patient is sent a referral for laboratory tests, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
The instrumental examination involves the execution of fluorographs, radiographs, electrocardiograms and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of pathological processes that occur in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of remission.
If no contraindications to surgery have been identified, the woman must follow a number of recommendations in the preparation phase.
Within and a half a week before the due date it is necessary to stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overload.You will also need to stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Execution technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of surgery.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning in the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
Next, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed, and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthetic has taken effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.A cut of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully peeled away to form a pocket into which the implant will later be inserted.To stop the bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
Next, the surgeon takes out the endoprosthesis and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by shapewear, which prevents the implant from moving sideways.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which will not only avoid the formation of pustular formations, but also accelerate the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbing sutures are applied to the incision and do not require removal.After approximately 7 days the patient will only need to remove the nodules that protrude above the surface of the skin.
To avoid scarring, you will need to apply a plaster to the seam and wear a corset.
Since in the first days after the operation the woman will be bothered by severe pain, the specialist will recommend taking analgesics to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To relieve swelling, you should not take a hot shower or bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the installation of the implants.
For 5 days you must avoid visiting the sauna, bathhouse and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Particular attention should be paid to diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.It is necessary to include more iron-containing fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in the diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Soon
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous to human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma– usually appears a few hours after the operation, so the patient must remain in a hospital environment for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs due to damage to the tactile nerve;
- hematomas;
- suppurationat the site of sutures: the main cause of complications is failure to comply with septic and antiseptic rules;
- instructionkeloidsscars and hypertrophic tissue;
- breakage ordeflation(expiration) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiasystems;
- capsularfibrous contracture.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Breast augmentation is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly trained surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision on breast augmentation with implants, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will be performed.